White Collar Crime Fbi Investigation - 1552 Words

Introduction: It was 13 years ago that the announcement of bankruptcy by Enron Corporation, an American energy, commodities and service firm at the time, would unravel a scandal resulting in what is regarded as the most multifaceted white-collar crime FBI investigation conducted in history. High-ranking officials at the Houston-based company swindled investors and managed to further their own wealth through intricate, shifty accounting practices such as listing assets above their true value to increase cash inflows and earnings statements. This had the effect of making the company and its shares look more enticing than they really were to potential investors. Upon their declaration of negative net worth in December 2001, shareholders filed a $40 billion lawsuit against the company, citing a drop of shares from around $90 per share to around $1 per share within only a few months. In light of these events, officials at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SCE) were prompted to initiate further in vestigation to figure out how such a drastic loss occurred. White-collar crime can be summed up in a nutshell by the following three deviant behaviors, all of which we hope to establish as morally wrong to our youth: lying, cheating and stealing. The term, coined in 1939, has become an umbrella term encompassing a full spectrum of frauds committed by business (potentially corporate), government professionals and a growing number of individuals capable of cyberspace hijacking. TheShow MoreRelatedFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI Essay550 Words   |  3 Pages The mission and values of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is up held with strong Constitutional values. Over the years since the FBI was created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. As a progressive during this time period Bonaparte applied his philosophy to forming the FBI with several corps of agents. His thought was that these men should have expertise and not political connections. With the U.S. Constitution based on â€Å"federalism†Read MoreExplain the Differences Between Criminologists, Criminalists, and Forensic Psychologists and What Is the Difference in Their Disciplines of Expertise.1550 Words   |  7 Pages CRJS105 –1103b-04 Theories of Crime Causation August 28,2011 Abstract In this paper I will explain the differences between Criminologists, Criminalists, and Forensic psychologists and what is the difference in their disciplines of expertise. As well as looking at blue collar crime vs. white collar crime, how they are reported and measured by the FBI in their uniformed crime reporting. Also how blue collar crime is much more popular culture by the media. AndRead MoreCrime and Forensic Psychology1117 Words   |  5 PagesBambam2 Because  crime is one of the more appealing themes in popular culture, the public receives a skewed version of crime. The public’s knowledge may be particularly lacking with regard to the entire field of criminology, the differences between blue-collar and white-collar crime, and the general perception of the incidence of crime in the United States. You are asked, as the public relations representative of your police department, to provide an information session on the field of criminologyRead MoreHistory of the Fbi and Women1574 Words   |  7 PagesBureau in 1924, he inherited two female agents: Jessie B. Duckstein and Alaska P. Davidson, who both resigned within a few months as part of the Bureau’s reduction of force. In 1972, JoAnne Misko and Susan Malone were the first two women to enter the FBI Academy. In 1978, Special Agent Christine Karpoch (Jung) would become the first female firearms instructor—and she would shoot the coveted â€Å"possible,† a perfect score on the FBI’s Practical Pistol Range. In 1990, Special Agents Susan Sprengel andRead MoreA White Collar Criminal s Social Position Should Not Determine The Length, Term And Type Of Punishment1522 Words   |  7 PagesInformation Should Set You Free A white-collar criminal’s social position should not determine the length, term and type of punishment. The circumstance and type of white-collar crime should influence state and federal officials on the punishment. Some high profile crimes have been thoroughly planned and taken years or decades to execute. More than likely, the people that have planned and executed these crimes can detect the patterns and signs of similar crimes when presented with information orRead MoreWhite Collar And Organized Crime Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Collar And Organized Crime In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White Collar and OrganizedRead MoreCounterterrorism In Cyber Enforcement1376 Words   |  6 Pagesof influence into the cybersphere. Cyber related crime in all area; terrorism, espionage, white collar crimes, criminal enterprises, etc.., has grown exponentially and the Bureau is doing its best to keep up. The FBI’s area of threat responsibility today is widespread and rapidly expanding to include seven major areas; Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence, Cyber, Public Corruption, Civil Right, Transnational and National Crime, and White Colla r Crime. In essence, there is very little that is not coveredRead MoreEssay about History of the FBI953 Words   |  4 PagesThe early 1900’s gave rise to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Founded in appalling times filled with tension, the FBI would slowly transform American law to apprehend the nation’s most notorious criminals, and become one of the vital agencies that protect American sovereignty. Influenced by the Progressive Movement and the belief that the federal government’s intervention was required to alleviate injustices in a dark society of corruption where a war between capital and labor raged, PresidentRead MoreWhite Collar Crime: Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard Madoff1652 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Collar Crime: Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard Madoff NAME College White Collar Crime: Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard Madoff Most people, when they hear the word â€Å"crime,† think about street crime or violent crime such as murder, rape, theft, or drugs. However, there is another type of crime that has cost people their life savings, investors’ billions of dollars, and has had significant impacts of multiple lives; it is called white collar crime. The Federal Bureau of InvestigationRead MoreCrimes Of Privilege: White Collar Crimes And The One Percent.1970 Words   |  8 PagesCrimes of Privilege: White Collar Crimes and the One Percent White collar crime has been recognized as something that is an issue since 1939 when it was brought up in a political meeting by Edwin Sutherland. Sutherland was interested in the fact that people of the working class were not being noticed for the crimes that some of them are involved in. The concern was that the criminal activity that was being addressed during this time were predominantly trivial crimes. While they were getting all

Cultural Wedding Ceremony Comparison Free Essays

Every country has their own way of marrying two people that want to spend the rest of their life together. Each has their own unique ritual of how they go about a wedding ceremony. African and Chinese cultures both have very intriguing ways of how they proceed with their ceremony. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Wedding Ceremony Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is found that there are many differences between the two of these cultures. This is a result of their own independent beliefs and traditions which causes them to go about their own unique ritual, although there are few similarities between the two countries. In the Chinese culture the wedding date is chosen based upon astrological signs and birthdates. Every Chinese ceremony commences on the half an hour which is the belief that will guarantee good fortune for the new couple. The night before wedding day the bride is bathed in citrus-infused water in another belief that it will cleanse her of her evil influences. This is the only way in which the two ceremonies are similar because they both consist of the bride being bathed before the wedding, although which is done in their own individual style. The bride in a Chinese wedding will be seen wearing three different dresses throughout wedding day. These dresses include a traditional white dress, a traditional Chinese bridal dress, and a cocktail dress. Also the groom will be placed through a series Mitchell2 of tests and stunts to prove that he is worthy to claim his future wife. When the bride arrives at the grooms’ home she is always greeted with firecrackers, gongs, and is forced to jump over an iron basin lit with charcoal to represent prosperity and to again cleanse of all evil spirits. The Chinese culture with also uphold their traditional tea ceremony. The bride will serve tea to her parents as a sign of respect. The Chinese wedding ceremony is always filled with symbolism. Their ceremony represents a ladder that the new couple will climb to success. On the other hand the African wedding ceremony is a tradition that stems all the way back to the days of slavery when slaves were not allowed to marry. Their marriage ceremony is a ritual well-known as â€Å"jumping the broom†. This ritual was created to represent the beginning of their new life together. The new couple will jump over a broom at the same time and are pronounced married after they have done so. The broom is often decorated with ribbon and tulle. On wedding day the bridesmaids bathe the bride in hammam before dressing her previous to the ceremony. During a libation ceremony a prayer is said and an elder presents water and liquor as an offering to god and their ancestors for their blessing. Then the groom will ask permission from the brides’ mother to marry her daughter while presenting her father with gifts to symbolize his ability to care. Another tradition is the tasting of the four elements during the ceremony. The four elements consist of lemon for sour, vinegar for bitter, cayenne for hot, and honey for sweet. The four tastes are a symbol of the different moods of married life. Sometimes tribes will mound the couples’ wrists with plaited grass when walking down the aisle, and others just hold hands. Mitchell3 The difference between these two countries with their ceremonies represents their freedom of independent beliefs, which leads to separate traditions. Although, the similarities between the two ceremonies are also intriguing. Both wedding rituals consist of a lot of symbolism. Most of the symbolism that is present for both cultures also represents their beliefs, and every time their beliefs are symbolized is how their cultures are shown to be unique. How to cite Cultural Wedding Ceremony Comparison, Papers

Company Valuation - Accenture free essay sample

Return on equity of Accenture for 2008 at 80.21%   shows higher level performance than the industry   2.86% . Even if the basis of comparison is on the average for a five year period , that of the company has outperformed the industry by more than four times that in industry at 62.86% for ACN as against that industry average of 14.12%.   See Table 1 above.   An average return on equity of 62.86%   for the past would definitely attract   investors as it would mean that for every US$100   investment, the investors would be getting more than half of the amount every years.   That would me in effect earning even more than 100% compared with the US base rate of 0.25%.   ACB indeed could be envy of many companies not only within the industry but also from other industries. The company is likewise very efficiently managed using the company’s ROA of 21% as against the industry average of 0.93%.   Such could be further proved in terms   of operating margin for the latest twelve-month period of   12. We will write a custom essay sample on Company Valuation Accenture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 42% as against 1.34%   industry average and in terms of net profit margin for the latest twelve-month period of 8.91% as against industry average   of 0.97%. See Table 1 above. Operating margin represents the margin after deducting cost of sales or services and operating expenses. Things need to be added or deducted further to arrive at net profit margin computation.  Ã‚   The extracted ratios mean that the management of Accenture   is doing well in the management of company assets with the participation of employees in delivering value to customers, therefore, thus the company is both profitable and operating efficiently (Meigs, Meigs and Meigs, 1995).   Liquidity connotes being able to meet a company’s currently maturing obligations and is measured normally using the current ratio and the quick asset ratio (Brigham and Houston, 2002).   Computing current ratio uses current assets to be divided to current liabilities while quick assets ratio is almost the same except that the inventory and prepaid expenses are being removed from the current assets to have a new numerator but the denominator is the same. Quick assets therefore normally include cash, marketable securities and accounts receivable and the use of quick asset ratio is very much relevant for one intending to have higher form of measuring liquidity. In such case, one would prefer quick asset ratio to that of the current ratio. If the principles   are applied now, the quick ratio of Accenture is 1.38 as against industry average of 1.85, while its current ratio was also lower at 1.38 as against industry average 2.02. Both ratios have shown lower than average but the company may still be considered liquid since a current ratio of at least 1.0 would mean that the company has sufficient current assets to pay its currently maturing obligations. In fact its interest coverage was 19.07 as against industry average of 0.39 thus indicating capacity to pay by a large margin. See Table 2 above.   Solvency Solvency refers to the company’s long-term capacity to keep up it stability over the long term (Meigs, Meigs Meigs, 1995). Normally measured by the debt to equity ratio, with the formula of having the total debt of the company divided by its total equity, a company solvency should inform investors that the company   will not survive   in the short term but it must also have a long life to recover long term investments which takes years to produce the needed returns. The debt to equity ratio of Accenture for 2008 was 0.06 as against industry average of 70.92.   See Table 2 above. The company ratio is indeed very low which means that ACN is very much solvent and stable as the company is financed mainly the stockholders’ investment. Given the very high profitability of the company under its present capital structure, it would mean the it may not resort to more borrowing in the short run and the benefits appear to accrue mainly to stockholders.   Ã‚  With its good solvency as a proof of good capital structure,   Accenture   has great changes of expanding in the future. With good solvency also, the company faces less risks than its competitors. On company’s earnings quality by comparing income statement with cash flow, looking at the company’s use of accounting principles and financial statement disclosure and foreign currency translation and earnings management. The company’s cash flows   reflected positive increase in net cash inflow per year after considering cash from operating, financing and investing activities except in 2005, which was too small compared with the average. The good results would confirm the good profitability of company as found earlier in the income statement as validated in the profitability ratios (Reuters, 2009a). The company appears also to have complied with requirements of the generally accepted accounting   principles   (GAAP)   in terms of the use of accounting principles and financial statement disclosure on foreign currency translation and earnings management. This finding is supported by the company’s external auditor having issued an unqualified opinion as to compliance with GAAP for 2008 (Reuter.com, 2009a). Having seen no ground to make adjust on the financial information, this researcher has left unchanged the information as basis of preparation of the financial ratios used earlier.   Hence the company’s earning’s quality may be considered credible as presented, audited and further verified by this researcher. To conclude, this paper has found Accenture to be more profitable, more liquid, and more solvent than the many of the rest of the players in the industry.   Its earnings quality was also found to reliable based in the unqualified opinion of the auditor, which validates compliance with GAAP.   The company is a recommended target for stock investment. References; Brigham and Houston (2002) Fundamentals of Financial Management, Thomson South-Western, London, UK Meigs, Meigs and Meigs (1995) Financial Accounting, McGraw-Hill, London, UK Reuters.com (2009a), Financial Statements for 2004 through 2008, {www document} URL,   http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/incomeStatement?symbol=ACN.N, Accessed April 30,2009 Reuters.com (2009b), Financial Ratios, {www document} URL,   http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/ratios?symbol=ACN.N,   Accessed April 30,2009

Social Stratification

In the case of the United States, economic, gender and social stratification has changed over the centuries (Tischler, 2010). The significant changes in economic, gender and social stratification are brought about by changes in the political, economic, and social landscape of this nation. There is one major transition point that played a critical roles in the said transformation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Stratification specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the transitions from an economy dependent on manual labor to an economy based on mechanization and other forms of technology that resulted in the industrialization of the nation. These transitions on the other hand were aided by the effective expansion and development of the education system in this country. Before the United States became a geopolitical nation, it was a colony controlled by the British Empire. In that period of time before Ame rica was a sovereign state, the British introduced slave labor. Therefore, the social stratification during this period was simplified into farmers, plantation owners and slaves. The farmers will be considered poor by today’s standards but they are better off if compared to the Negro slaves. The economy was based on agriculture. It was also a male dominated society. Women played minor roles in nation building and focused on domestic work. The industrialization of the United States coincided with the emancipation of the Negro slaves. Beginning in the latter part of the 19th century the issue of race became a major bone of contention in different social spheres. Former Negro slaves were no longer forced to work under a slave master or a plantation owner. However, they were treated second-class citizens. More importantly the former slaves did not own any property; have very little money; and mostly illiterate. The Southern states can be characterized by extreme poverty especiall y if one considers the plight of the former slaves. In the Northern states, the social, gender and economic stratification was affected by industrialization. Farmers who used to work in the farms migrated to the cities. Industrialization created new social classes because the workers are paid on an hourly basis. They have no share of the profits and those who had the capital to establish factories raked in the majority of the income of the said enterprise.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Industrialization was not only limited to the Northern states, factories began to sprout all over America. Industrialization proved to be an efficient way to harness resources and it did not take long before the economic benefits trickled down to the masses. A new social class was created in the 20th century and these are: Upper class; Corporate class; Middle and working class; Those who are po or (Andersen Taylor, 2011). Technology enabled many to achieve greater economic success. Based on the new social order and economic power of individuals, many Americans were able to access higher education. As a result the feminist movement succeeded in promoting gender equality in the workplace and the homes (Kendall, 2011). Conclusion The transformation of the economic, gender and social stratification in this country was brought about by changes in the political, economic and social landscape. The highpoint was the transition from manual labor to industrialization as well as the rapid changes in technology that paved the way for new social classes in the 21st century. It has to be pointed out that when America was still a colony of the British empire, the socio-economic stratification was simple. The upper class was comprised of plantation owners and the rest were farmers. The introduction of Negro slaves created another social class, nevertheless, the stratification was simple . But the advent of industrialization, coupled with significant changes in the economic and political spheres paved the way for greter social mobility. References Andersen, M., Taylor, H. (2011). Sociology: The essentials. OH: Cengage Learning. Kendall, D. (2011). Sociology in our times. OH: Cengage Learning. Tischler, H. (2011). Introduction to sociology. OH: Cengage Learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Stratification specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Social Stratification was written and submitted by user Korath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.